| 丁文瑾,蒋家琼,张玲.21世纪美国私立高等教育结构的变化及启示[J].军事高等教育研究,2024,47(1):65-74 |
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| 21世纪美国私立高等教育结构的变化及启示 |
| Changes and Enlightenment of the Structure of Private Higher Education in the United States in the 21st Century |
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| 中文关键词: 美国 私立 高等教育结构 |
| Key Words:the United States of America private higher education structure |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 美国私立高等教育在国家高等教育体系中起着领头羊的作用。21世纪以来受市场竞争影响，美国私立高等教育结构发生一系列变化，具体来说：层次结构上副学士规模先增后减，研究生规模稳步增长；学科结构上应用学科规模扩大迅速，社科类占比略微下降；形式结构上全日制规模波动增长，非全日制规模缓慢增长后稳定；管理体制结构上非营利性规模稳步增长，营利性规模波动上升。这对我国民办高等教育结构的优化给予了一定的经验和启示：优化层次结构，重视研究生教育；调整学科专业结构，以适应经济发展和社会需求；完善形式结构，平衡全日制和非全日制；引导优化管理体制结构，积极探索推进民办高校分类管理；打破原有保守思想，革新中国民办教育思想观念。 |
| Abstract: |
| Private higher education in the United States plays a leading role in the nation’s higher education system. The structure of private higher education in the United States has undergone a number of changes in the 21st century as a result of the intervention of market competition：A hierarchical structure in which the size of associate degrees expands and then shrinks，and the size of graduate students gradually expands；The structure of academic disciplines is rapidly expanding in applied disciplines and slightly decreasing in the share of social sciences；Decline in the form structure after rapid development of full-time and stable development of part-time；And the structure of the management system has seen steady growth in the size of non-profit and a mountainous change in the size of for-profit. To optimize the structure of private higher education in China，the following suggestions are made：Optimize the structure of levels and attach importance to postgraduate education；Adjust the structure of disciplines and specialties to meet the economic development and social needs；Improve the structure of forms and balance full-time and part-time；Guide to optimize the structure of management system and actively explore to promote the classification and management of private colleges and universities；Break the traditional conservative thinking and innovate the ideological concepts of private education in China. |
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